Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch (6 September 1806 - 2 August 1880), was a Spanish dramatist. He was the Director of the National Library of Spain until he retired in 1875.
Hartzenbusch was born in Madrid, Spain. His father was a German furniture carpenter and his Mother a Spanish woman with the name María Josefa Martínez Calleja. Hertzenbusch's childhood was spent as an apprentice in his father's shop in order to become a cabinet-maker. He studied French 1815-1818 and then took a four year course in the Jesuit College of San Isidro el Real in Madrid where he studied principally rhetoric, Latin, and philosophy. He followed his father's trade till 1830, when he learned shorthand and joined the staff of the Gaceta. He married Doña Maria Bernardina Morgue in 1830. She died in 1836. His earliest dramatic essays were translations from Molière, Voltaire and Alexandre Dumas, père; he then turned to adapting old Spanish plays, and in 1837 produced his first original play, Los Amantes de Teruel, the subject of which had previously been used by Andrés Rey de Artieda, Tirso de Molina and Juan Pérez de Montalbán. Los Amantes de Teruel at once made the author's reputation, but Doña Mencia (1840) and Alfonso el Casto (1841) were disappointments; it was not till 1845 that he repeated his former success with La Jura en Santa Gadea.
In 1900, Don Eugenio Hartzenbusch, Juan's son, published Bibliografia in Madrid which presents in succinct form as complete a list of his father's writings. It remains a testimonial to the lifelong indefatigable industry of this prolific writer. Summarized, the record there given compromises ~ 15 collections, including various editions of his works, 94 dramatic works, 236 poems 231 fables in verse, 19 addresses, 8 biographical articles, 15 stories, 14 articles depitcing manners and customs, 9 literary criticism, 3 dramatic criticism, 33 prologues, 22 notes and articles referring to "Don Quixote" 22 miscellaneous articles, and 9 works of different authors collected and annotated. Such a record of literary activity tells its own story. It is the life of an author and a scholar, who through hard work and conscientious effort, secured for himself an honorable place among Spain's men of letters.
Hartzenbusch was the chief librarian at the Biblioteca Nacional, National Library, from 1862 to 1875, and was an indefatigable editor of many national classics. Inferior in inspiration to other contemporary Spanish dramatists, Hartzenbusch excelled his rivals in versatility and in conscientious workmanship.
As a member of the Real Academia Española, he edited works from Tirso de Molina, Calderón de la Barca and Pedro de Alarcón, among others.
After retiring from the National Library in 1875, his strength of body and mind began to give way, and after losing his second wife, Salvadora Hiriat, he failed rapidly and died at his home in Madrid on 2 August 1880. The Real Academia Española, the Spanish Academy, did him the honor of accompanying his body to its last resting place, the Cementerio de la Sacramenta de San Ginès y San Luis.